Author(s): Casey M. King, Abilene Morgan, Dr. Joshua T. Cooper, and Dr. Allison Parker
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Chemical and Microbial Evaluation of Fipronil Components and its Effect on Female Culex Mosquito Oviposition
Abstract: Mosquitoes are known carriers for various animal diseases. Since there are no prophylactics available for many of these diseases, reducing the population size of mosquitoes is critical to reducing disease transmission. The goal of this study was to determine the attracting element for female Culex mosquitoes to water treated with Fipronil-Plus-CTM, an insecticide containing fipronil and cellulose. Ultra-Pressurized Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy were used to determine the breakdown products of Fipronil-Plus-CTM and pure fipronil. In addition, bacterial samples were collected and sent for metagenome sequencing to determine differences in microbial communities. Determining attractive chemicals and microbial communities will allow for the development of lures that can be used to create environmentally-friendly mosquito traps for mosquito control.
Author(s): Brandon Brooks-Patton, Elina Trafali, Shraddha Lall, Benjamin L. de Bivort
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Exploring Individuality Through Variability in Drosophila melanogaster’s Thermal Preference
Abstract: Understanding organismal behavior is essential for developing a comprehensive model of evolutionary biology, yet it is challenging to discern how much behavior is shaped by genetic inheritance versus environmental influences. Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, exhibits surprising complexity of behavior, with isogenic flies showing individual preferences even under identical conditions. Understanding the thermal preferences of ectothermic species is of particular interest as global temperatures rise. Our research examined thermal preference variability using automated assays where flies could choose between warm and cool areas within their optimal temperature range. The results revealed significant variation in temperature preference among 21 Drosophila Genetics Research Panel lines. K-means clustering identified three clusters, two of which may support existing evolutionary hypotheses. These findings highlight the beneficial role of individuality in behavior, could inform broader ecological theories, enhance conservation strategies, and strengthen our understanding of ectothermic species’ resilience to climate change.
Author(s): Austin Green, Simon Juelg, and Richard D. Durtsche
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Ethohydraulic Impacts of Barriers on Metabolic Rates in Two Kentucky Stream Fishes
Abstract: Rivers and streams, altered by dams, culverts, and channelization, often hinder fish passage, especially for small species. While large salmonids can handle faster flows, smaller native fish struggle upstream. Fish passage designs prioritize swim velocities for target species, often neglecting weaker swimmers. Our ethohydraulic research was focused on bluntnose minnows (Pimephales notatus) and central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) in small lab swim chambers. The bluntnose had a maximum endurance of 28 minutes at 24.08 m/sec, and the central stoneroller at 38 minutes at the same speed. Ethohydraulics measured metabolic rates under barriers up to 26.5 m/sec, including horizontal, cuboidal, and vertical rock configurations, with a control group of unrestricted flow. These barriers reduced bottom-depth flow rates by up to 5.3 times, aiding fish recovery in fish-ways (e.g., culverts) with refuge substrates crucial for successful migration.
Author(s): Jayln Kiser, Zachary Shreves, Dr. Kristy Hopfensperger, and Dr. Denise Robertson
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Best Practices for Restoring Spring Ephemerals In Urban Forests
Abstract: Establishing a diverse plant community is an important step when restoring an urban forest. Spring ephemerals are a plant group that provides resources for pollinators before most plant species flower in the summer. Knowing the best growth conditions and life form of ephemerals is important for restoration success. Our research focused on measuring the growth and survival of three life forms (seed, plug, bare root) for five spring ephemeral species in areas where invasive honeysuckle was recently removed. We studied 30 removal patches with three replicate plots each to determine how biological and environmental factors affect the success of each plant growth stage. Our results tell us that restoring spring ephemeral populations is complex, can take time, and can vary among locations with different environmental conditions. Our collaborative efforts with local land managers will continue to determine best methods for restoration success.
Author(s): William Grube, Josie Timmers, and Dr. Allison Parker
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Arthropod Diversity Across Microhabitats of мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û University’s Research Education and Field Station
Abstract: The goal of the study is to measure the diversity of arthropod orders in neighboring microhabitats. Specimens were collected from a forest, wetland, and disturbed habitat transect at NKU’s Research Education and Field Station. Primary collection took place over 12 weeks from June to August 2024. Arthropods were identified to order and used to measure diversity correlations between microhabitats. Currently 1277 arthropods have been collected. So far, 473 specimens have been identified in the disturbed habitat, 370 in the forest habitat, and 540 in the wetland habitat. Diptera is the most common order collected and has the most individuals identified from the forest transect. Arthropod identification is ongoing. These results will change as more samples are processed and identified. Forest has the least number of samples processed thus far.
Author(s): Nadia Cline, Kel Daniels, Hannah Begley, and Dr. Allison Parker
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Evaluating the Attractiveness of Various Fipronil Mixtures on Female Culex Mosquito Oviposition Choice
Abstract: Fipronil is a broad-spectrum neurotoxic insecticide that leads to death in insects. Previous experiments suggest that female mosquitos prefer to oviposit (lay eggs) in standing-water habitats containing Fipronil-C-Plus. Two semi-controlled field assays were conducted. Treatments in the first field assay were a grass infusion control, pure fipronil in grass infusion, and Fipronil-Plus-C in grass infusion. Treatments in the second field assay were a grass infusion control, Fipronil-Plus-C in water, and Fipronil-Plus-C in grass infusion. Egg rafts are collected from each bucket daily for ten weeks. Results show that Culex females prefer to oviposit in containers with Fipronil-Plus-C in grass infusion over all other treatments. This means that Fipronil-Plus-C could have something that makes it seem more attractive for Culex females to lay their eggs in compared to other treatments.
Author(s): Ethan Waddle, Leticia Diaz-Perez, Isaiah Voet, Hunter Weber, and Dr. Allison Parker
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ovillanta Tire Traps for Controlling Mosquitoes in the мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û Region
Abstract: Container-breeding mosquitoes lay eggs in containers holding standing water, including discarded tires that fill with water. Ovillanta traps are mosquito traps designed with tires cut in half and placed on top of the other half with a well of water and grass in the bottom half. The goal of this study was to determine if mosquitoes prefer to oviposit in Ovillanta traps compared to discarded tires to determine if Ovillanta traps can be used in mosquito control in the northern Kentucky region. Mosquito larvae and pupae were collected from the Ovillanta traps and discarded tires across five sites in Boone County, KY weekly for 10 weeks from May to August in both 2023 and 2024. Collected larvae and pupae were identified to species. Preliminary data suggest that Ovillanta traps are effective in attracting egg-laying mosquitoes and can potentially be used in mosquito control.
Author(s): Trey Zinsmeister, Dr. Allison Parker
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Tick Species Distribution and Seasonality in the мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û Region
Abstract: This study aims to examine the distribution and seasonality of ticks in the мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û region. Starting in June 2022, ticks were sampled by dragging a drag cloth over a 500-meter transect. A total of 401 ticks across 4 species have been collected including 247 American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) found April through August, 150 black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) found October through June, 3 Lone-star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) found February through July, and 1 Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) found in June 2024. Sampling is ongoing and allows for continued surveillance of new species in the region including the Gulf Coast tick. Understanding tick species distribution and seasonality will allow for effective control strategies and prevent and reduce the spread of ticks and tick-borne illnesses in the region.
Author(s): Christina Gogzheyan, Leah Bishop, Deaysha Fox, Taylor Easybuck, Allie Easton, Kalyani Abbaraju, Joseph Ashley, Duong Pham, Mackenzie Feltner, and Christine Perdan Curran
Department(s): Biological Sciences
How does benzo[a]pyrene affect learning and memory in Cyp1a2(-/-) knockout and wild type mice?
Abstract: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a carcinogen and neurotoxicant found in grilled foods, cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources of air pollution. Evidence is accumulating that exposure to BaP and related chemicals have adverse effects on children exposed during pregnancy and early life, so we designed experiments to determine if exercise could mitigate those adverse effects. We examined the effect of both genotype and exercise in treated mice to test how their learning and memory was affected compared to a control group. We compared mice with and without a functioning CYP1A2 enzyme which can metabolize BaP. Pregnant mice were treated with BaP from gestational day 10 through weaning. We used the Morris water maze to test learning and memory. The test measures the ability of the mouse to remember visual cues to find an escape platform in a pool of water.
Author(s): Leah Bishop, Mackenzie Feltner, Kalyani Abbaraju, Joseph Ashley, Taylor Easybuck, Alexandria Easton, Deaysha Fox, Christina Gogzheyan, LeaAnn King, Mina Pham, Annika White, and Christine Perdan Curran
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The effect of maternal and offspring exercise in mitigating motor deficits following exposure to developmental neurotoxicants
Abstract: Exercise is known to improve brain function, but little is known about how exercise during pregnancy and early life can affect the developing brain. In this study, we wanted to find out if exercise could protect against exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Pregnant women can be exposed through air pollution and by eating food cooked at high temperatures. Pregnant mice (dams) were randomly assigned to either benzo[a]pyrene or the corn oil vehicle. We compared two different genotypes of mice and used four different exercise regimens: dams exercised, pups exercised, both exercised and neither exercised. We tested their offspring when they were young adults using the Rotarod test of balance and coordination.
Author(s): Deaysha Fox, Kaya Abbaraju, Joseph Ashley, Leah Bishop, Allie Easton, Taylor Easybuck, Kenzie Feltner, Christina Gogzheyan, LeaAnn King, Annika White, Mina Pham, and Christine Perdan Curran
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The effects of maternal exercise and benzo[a]pyrene exposure on motor functions in neonatal mice
Abstract: Benzo[a]pyrene or BaP is a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke, grilled foods, car exhaust and more. Recent studies that monitored pregnant women and their children with high exposure to air pollutants such as BaP found adverse effects in brain development from infancy to adolescence. To determine if exercise could mitigate the adverse effects, we compared offspring of mice that either exercised daily on running wheels or did not receive supplemental exercise. We dosed pregnant mice with either corn oil or BaP on cereal from gestational day 10 until pup weaning on postnatal day 25 (P25). We tested the pup’s righting reflexes on P5, P7 and P10. We also tested negative geotaxis on P7, P10 and P14.
Author(s): Jada McGill, Ashlynn Stacy, Gabrielle Williams, Catherine Branch, and Emily Shifley
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Expression of pck1 and pck2 in Xenopus laevis embryonic tissues and organs
Abstract: The formation of three embryonic tissue layers—endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm—occurs in the early stages of development of all vertebrate animals. These tissue layers differentiate and eventually form all the specialized organ systems of the adult body. This study aimed to map the expression of pck1 and pck2 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos to elucidate their roles in development. We constructed in-situ hybridization probes for pck1 and pck2, which allowed us to localize and assess their expression patterns. Our results show that pck2 is broadly expressed in the ectoderm, with additional endodermal expression in developing embryos, while pck1 is limited to specific ectodermal cells. During organogenesis, both pck1 and pck2 are expressed in the liver, intestine, stomach, and lung buds. Establishing when and where different genes are expressed during embryonic development will help us start to understand their roles and possible links to diseases such as birth defects.
Author(s): Ashlynn Stacy, Jada McGill, Catherine Branch, Gabrielle Williams, Dr. Emily Shifley
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Examining the role of the FGF Signaling pathway in pharyngeal development of Xenopus laevis
Abstract: The pharynx of vertebrate embryos develops into vital parts of the head and neck. The development of the pharynx is guided in part by the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) genetic signaling pathway. By inhibiting the FGF pathway during different, early stages of vertebrate development, using Xenopus laevis as a model organism, we hypothesized we could identify at which stages the FGF pathway influences pharyngeal development. We looked at specific pharyngeal genes (Spry1a, Pax1, Sox9, Cyp26a1, and Twist) and documented whether their expression levels in the pharynx were reduced or missing with FGF inhibition. We found that some genes require the FGF pathway throughout all periods of pharyngeal development, while other genes only require it during certain stages. Identifying how different genes and pathways interact during the development of the pharynx helps give information that could be used in the research of birth defects involving the pharynx.
Author(s): Yara Abdou and Erin D. Strome, PhD
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Exploring the Roles of the bZIP Transcription Factors Met28 and Gcn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the genes SAM1 and SAM2 regulate AdoMet synthesis. Losses of these genes impact genome stability and AdoMet levels. AdoMet regulates methionine and sulfur networks, within which bZIP transcription factors (TFs) play a role. The bZIP family of TF are basic leucine zippers that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and can regulate stress responses such as to oxidative stress. The SAM1 and SAM2 genes have a common bZIP TF binding site in their promotor, most strongly recognized by the bZIP TF Met28. This common region indicates that bZIP TFs play a specific role in regulating the SAM genes. To investigate this role, we created gene knockout (KO) strains for two bZIP TFs of interest: Met28 and Gcn4. We then tested these strains for reactive oxygen species (ROS), genome instability, and growth to understand the impact of bZIP TFs on the oxidative stress response and cell health.
Author(s): Eve Tittel, Chloe Routt, and Lauren L. Williamson, PhD
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Effects of chronic mild stress on fluoxetine response in adolescent rats
Abstract: Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that is effective against major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, but can cause suicidality and aggression in adolescents. This study assessed the connection between adolescent responses to fluoxetine and neuroinflammation. Adolescent rats were exposed to chronic stress before treatment with fluoxetine. Forced swim test (FST) and elevated zero maze (EZM) tests were run to determine anxiety-like and depressive-like symptoms post-stress and post-drug treatment. Serum was taken to determine inflammation levels. Brains were removed and half micro-dissected for hippocampal analysis or sectioned for immunohistochemistry staining. Fluoxetine lowered anxiety in the stressed group for the EZM test. This finding suggests that adolescents who have experienced chronic stress may be better candidates for antidepressant treatment and provides a possible explanation for the response differences to fluoxetine. In addition to behavioral data, we will present analyses of microglia, immune cells of the brain.
Author(s): Macy Stewart, Bree Sweeney, Teah L Hagan, and Lauren L. Williamson, PhD
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Effects of Sex, Hormones, and Peripheral Inflammation on Learning and Neuroinflammation in Rats
Abstract: Inflammation can affect learning and memory processes in the brain. With the context-object discrimination (COD) task, we examined how inflammation and sex can affect learning and memory. The COD task requires the rat to become familiar setting and object combinations. Inflammation affected the male and female brains differently, with increased inflammatory signaling in males that is not present in females, which disrupted males’ memories. With a cohort of females, we tested rats’ memory on the COD task after treating the rats with LPS or saline and combinations of estradiol and progesterone to alter hormone concentrations. Aside from testing the memory we also tested the estrous cycles of the female rats. For analysis, plasma levels of gonadal hormones and inflammatory molecules will be evaluated for hormonal mechanisms for the sex differences in behavior.
Author(s): Ben Coburn and Lauren L. Williamson, PhD.
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Maternal Helminth TREATMENT in Rats Alters Microglia Gene Expression: A NextGen RNA Sequencing Approach
Abstract: Inflammation-related disorders have been on the rise. Previous studies have shown that therapy with Hymenolepsis diminuta (rat tapeworm) in both mother and weanling Sprague-Dawley rats can prevent memory deficits and the associated neuroinflammation caused by a neonatal Escherichia coli infection. However, the effects of maternal helminth colonization alone are unknown. Previously, RNA Sequencing on hippocampal cells was used to sequence and identify differences in genes altered or regulated by maternal helminth inoculation and neonatal E. coli infection within 24 hours of infection on postnatal day (P)5. However, all gene expression from the previous work had high expression variation between individuals. For our current work, we will assess the genes altered by maternal helminth treatment and neonatal E. coli in the microglial cell population of the hippocampus rather than whole hippocampus. Our goal is to determine whether maternal helminth colonization alters pup microglia development and gene expression.
Author(s): Dr. Yingying Xie and Becky Stewart
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Climate change impacts on the phenology of spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) across ecoregions
Abstract: The spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, is a pond-breeding amphibian that is under environmental threats globally. Altered temperature patterns associated with climate change causes shifts in the timing of amphibians’ phenology (i.e., timing of life cycle events) which can affect their survival and reproduction and may reduce their fitness to the environment. Declines of amphibians have profound effects on ecosystems, including disruption of food chains and nutrient cycling. We integrated large amounts of observations from community science networks (iNaturalist and natural history collections) and annotated each image to determine life stages. ClimateNA was used to access climate records for these images. This allows us to comprehensively assess climate change impacts on the breeding phenology across ecoregions. Statistical models and analysis show the timing of phenology has changed from 2008 to 2023 and varies across ecoregions. This project suggests that further conservation efforts should be considered for spotted salamanders.
Author(s): Angel Adams, Becky Stewart, Alex Walsh, Chase Yunker, Yingying Xie
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The ecological synchrony of phenology between pond-breeding amphibians and woody plants at forested wetland
Abstract: Changes in the environment, such as climate change and changes in weather patterns, can have substantial effects on the phenology (i.e., timing of life cycle events) of living organisms in that environment, such as woody plants and pond-breeding amphibians at forested wetlands. However, it is not known how woody plants and amphibians synchronize in their phenology and how the indirect connections affect them under anthropogenic climate change. Monitoring of woody plants and amphibian phenology was conducted in seven sites of ephemeral ponds at the Research and Education Field Station in spring 2023 and 2024. Daily temperature and rainfall were measured as well as the water depths of the vernal pools. The results show the early activities of woody plants in spring match the breeding phenology of the amphibians that are active in early spring. Further investigation will examine the mechanisms of their indirect connections through plant transpiration and pond hydrology.
Author(s): Jayme Burks, Yingying Xie
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The temporal synchrony of female and male flowering time of Northern spicebush and the impacts from climate change
Abstract: Climate change affects the timing of seasonal life events of plants, such as flowering time. However, it is still unknow how the synchrony between female and male flowers of plants is affected by warming. We focus on a native shrub in the United States, Northern spicebush. We observe the flowering time for 10 female and 10 male individuals in the field, and annotate photos from iNaturalist records. We expect the male flowers open earlier and are more sensitive to warming than female flowers. This project will help assess climate change impacts and predict the temporal mismatch in the future.
Author(s): Raymond A. Wright II
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The Migration of an Active Directory Domain Environment to Intune Mobile Device Management
Abstract: This TRUE ACCCESS sponsored research project allowed for me to research, plan, and implement a process for the migration from an Active Directory (AD) managed computer system environment to a more modern, cloud-based, Microsoft Intune mobile device management environment in a local Kentucky public school. As enterprises and businesses are increasingly adopting cloud-based solutions for ease of management as well as for security, Intune was created as a prominent alternative to traditional AD environments. This research will follow the recommended steps of migration officially from Microsoft, including determining objectives, inventorying devices, investigating any costs/licensing, reviewing and migrating existing policies/infrastructure, creating and overseeing a rollout plan, communicating changes to those necessary, and setting up support for end users at the end of the project. With the collaboration of other system administrators in the state, I will be able to utilize best practices for security and user experience while avoiding common pitfalls to minimize disruption of the rollout. While working alongside the Campbell County Schools technology department, our goal was to utilize a team in converting several computer labs at the High School over to this newest management format for the upcoming school year as a stepping stone towards the overall goal of moving the whole district to this platform over the next few years. We were able to successfully complete this phase of the project (converting the High School labs) and will evaluate the performance of these devices over the course of the first semester as we move forward with our ultimate goal of migrating more of the district over to the Intune platform.
Author(s): Darcy Grence, Cecelia Harner, Nisha Pandey, and Richard Boyce
Department(s): Biological Sciences
The effect of deer browsing and leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans) on Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) resprouts
Abstract: Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is an invasive shrub introduced in the late 1800s. Clipping has been ineffective. Recently, there have been extensive outbreaks of the native leaf fungal pathogen, honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans). Previous work showed that resprouts from clipped shrubs are heavily infected with blight, causing some stem and shrub death. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) also browse on resprouts. Our study aimed to quantify the amount of resprouting removed by deer. Half of the clipped shrubs were protected with deer exclosures at two sites in мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û. Every two weeks, beginning in May, we measured the total shoot length, number of shoots, leaves, blighted leaves, and presence of deer browsing on each shrub. While unprotected shrubs showed better growth early, later growth was less than or similar to protected shrubs. Thus, honeysuckle may initially compensate for browsing with more growth, but browsing eventually reduces regrowth.
Author(s): Abhishek Singh, Dr. Warunya Panmanee, and Dr. Erin Strome
Department(s): Biological Sciences
Constructing RNR1 and RNR2 strains to investigate dNTP Regulation in sam2Δ/sam2Δ cells
Abstract: Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, crucial forand is therefore the key regulator of dNTP production. Dr. Strome’sOur lab previously discovered determined that sam2-deficient strains have higher dNTP levels than wildtype strains. Further, our group found that gene expression differences in RNR1, RNR2, RNR3 and RNR4 are not found in these cells. However, the RNR complex is regulated by several mechanism, including localization. We therefore aim tTo investigate if RNR localization affects is contributing to this the observed dNTP increase. To do this, we have to, we aim to create strains with tagged RNR1 and RNR2 genes (3HA-RNR1 and 3Myc-RNR2) and while also delettinge their wildtype non-tagged gene versionss. These modifiedcations strains will be integrated into wildtype, sam1Δ/sam1Δ, and sam2Δ/sam2Δ cells. This approach will help determine if altered RNR localization in sam2-deficient cells leads to increased RNR activity and higher dNTP levels. As a first step, we have attempted to constructed strains with knocked-out wildtype RNR1 and RNR2 integrated intoin wildtype, sam1Δ/sam1Δ, and sam2Δ/sam2Δ backgrounds. We continue to work on construction of the tagged constructs which will then be integrated into these same strains cells.
Author(s): Catherine Murphy, Sarah Bois, Yingying Xie
Department(s): Biological Sciences; Linda Loring Nature Foundation
Phenological strategies of invasive plants captured by time-lapse cameras on Nantucket Island
Abstract: Invasive plant species have developed different strategies to outcompete native species in response to changing environmental conditions. Previous studies suggested that native and invasive species may have distinct timing of life cycle events (i.e., phenology) and responses to climate change, which is likely to facilitate species invasion and increase the threats on native biodiversity in the future. These strategies may contribute to the biodiversity loss of native plant communities on Nantucket Island, MA indicating particular vulnerability under invasion. Using time-lapse cameras monitoring the seasonal changes of native and invasive plants across nine sites in 2023 in Nantucket MA, we found significant differences in leaf phenology between native and invasive species. Invasives generally had earlier green-up in spring than natives supporting the priority effect and wider niche hypotheses. This knowledge can inform biodiversity conservation and land management efforts for the island costal plant communities.
Author(s): Khuyen Ho, Son Do, and Kebede Gemene
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Designing Antidotes for Anticoagulant Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) for Biomedical Applications
Abstract: Heparin is an anticoagulant that is often used in surgical procedures to prevent blood clotting. However, it has major limitations including side effects such as excessive bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) have been good substitutes for Heparins as anticoagulants due to their multiple advantages including simplified dosing and hence reduced risk of excessive bleeding. Protamine is an antidote that is often used as antidote to reverse the effects of heparin after surgical procedures. However, it cannot completely neutralize the effects of LMWHs. We predict that Low Molecular Weight Peptides (LMWPs) which are chemically similar to protamine can be more efficient antidotes for LMWHs. To this end, we designed a peptide with the F-R-R-R-F-R-R-F-V-R-R-F-NH2 aminoacid sequence and studied its binding affinities and binding ratios with the commonly used LMWHs, enoxaparin and dalteparin. Our preliminary data shows that our proposed peptide binds both enoxaparin and dalteparin effectively.
Author(s): Anabel Lillie, Ashton Davey, Holly Funk, and Michael Guy
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determining the role of Trm7, Trm732, and Trm734 in tRNA binding
Abstract: Modifications of the tRNA anticodon loop are important to translation. Proteins Trm7, Trm732, and Trm734 modify the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe. Trm7 plays a catalytic role in methylation activity, and Trm732 and Trm734 are predicted to bind and position tRNAPhe for methylation at nucleotides C32 and G34 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Defects in Trm7 cause a sick phenotype in S.cerevisiae. Defects in the Trm7 human ortholog, FTSJI, causes intellectual disability. An experimental approach is being developed in yeast to determine whether individual Trm7, Trm732, and Trm734 can bind to tRNAPhe. From this approach, the determination of whether tRNA can bind to Trm7 without Trm732 or Trm734 could be determined. Tagged proteins of interest are pulled down and the RNA bound to the proteins are analyzed using a Northern Blot. This approach also includes determining if non-functional mutated variants of tagged proteins are still able to bind to tRNAPhe.
Author(s): Holly M. Funk, Anh Bui, Danika Maki, Linh T Le, and Michael P. Guy
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determination of the effect on translation of 2’-O-methylation at positions 32 and 34 in eukaryotic tRNA
Abstract: Post-transcriptional modification of tRNA is vital for efficient protein translation, with many human diseases associated with modification defects. Mutations in the widely conserved eukaryotic methyltransferase TRM7 is one of the causes of intellectual disability in humans and slow growth in yeast. Trm7 interacts with Trm732 and Trm734 to perform 2’-O-methylation at Cm32 and Gm34 on tRNAPhe . Lack of 2’-O-methylation at both C32 and G34 causes growth defects but if only one modification is missing, yeast are healthy. Consequently, the individual roles of these modifications are unclear. Bidirectional expression of red and green fluorescent proteins (RFP and GFP) via the RNA-ID reporter system enables analysis of the reliance of UUU and UUC Phe codons on Cm32 and Gm34. Examined codons are placed in front of GFP, allowing translation analysis in cells by their GFP/RFP ratio. We are testing trm734 and trm732 mutants with different RNA-ID reporters containing Phe codons.
Author(s): Ruofei Ding, Ashton Davey, Alisha Detmer, Julia Verhoff, Holly Funk, Michael P. Guy
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Using AlphaFold3 to Determine Crucial Binding Sites in Trm7-Trm732 Complex and Y2H Assay for High-Throughput Testing
Abstract: Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications by Trm7-Trm732 and Trm7-Trm734 protein complexes are crucial in protein synthesis. In humans, mutations in the Trm7 homolog (FTSJ1) lead to intellectual disabilities. We aimed to use AlphaFold3 to identify residues involved in the Trm7 binding interface with Trm732. AlphaFold3 combines deep learning and diffusion networks, enabling generation of a predicted Trm7-Trm732 structure. A PYMOL script was used to highlight Trm7 residues in the predicted Trm7-Trm732 interface, allowing selection of Trm7 residues potentially involved in Trm7-Trm732 binding for site-directed mutagenesis and further experiments. The Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) assay allows high-throughput testing of the Trm7-Trm732 complex in a library of Trm7 variants. We knocked out endogenous TRM7 and increased plasmid copy number in the hope of overcoming previous difficulties possibly due to the interference of genomic copies of TRM7, TRM732, and TRM734, where no binding was shown between wild-type Trm7 with Trm732 and Trm734 in the Y2H assay.
Author(s): Alisha Detmer, Julia Verhoff, Holly Funk, and Michael P. Guy
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Developing an Assay to Identify Trm7 Amino Acids Important for Trm732 and Trm734 Binding
Abstract: In the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe, the modification of nucleotide G34 is fundamental for translation in yeast, humans, and other eukaryotes. The post-transcriptional modification of G34 is done by the Trm7:Trm734 complex. We study the interaction between this complex because it is not fully understood why Trm7 needs Trm734 to function. The Trm7 human homolog is FTSJ1, and the Trm734 homolog is WDR6. Intellectual disabilities can derive from mutations in FTSJ1. Patients with loss-of-function FTSJ1 mutations nearly completely lack Gm34. Through sequence alignment and analyzing the crystal structure of Trm7:734 complex, Trm7 variants were made by changing amino acids which look important for function. Using genetic assays, it was shown that those amino acids are important for the Trm7:734 interaction. By doing biochemical assays, we can better understand if these mutations are affecting the Trm7:734 complex thus inhibiting the modification of nucleotide G34.
Author(s): Natalie Creech, Ruofei Ding, Holly M. Funk, Emma Nasipova, Faith Meghrian, and Michael P. Guy
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determining the role of the tRNA methyltransferase Trm7:Trm734 in the repression of TY1 elements in yeast
Abstract: Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications are vital for efficient protein translation. In yeast, the Trm7 methyltransferase, in conjunction with Trm734, modifies tRNA at position 34. Defects in human TRM7 are linked to cognitive impairment. Retrotransposons in yeast, termed TY1, replicate through RNA reverse transcription and disrupt genes upon reintegration. Prior research identified TRM7 and TRM734 as suppressing TY1 transposition, though the mechanism remains uncertain. Our hypothesis posits that TRM7 or TRM734 loss heightens TY1 transposition due to impaired translation of genes that limit TY1 mobility. Codon analysis highlighted five TY1-suppressing genes enriched in Phe codons, which is relevant because tRNAPhe is the crucial substrate of the Trm7:Trm734 methyltransferase complex. We are conducting genetic tests and are also comparing TY1-associated gene expression in TRM7 orTRM734 mutants. We anticipate reduced levels of Phe-rich TY1-associated proteins in mutants, confirming their role in translating Phe-containing genes.
Author(s): Emily Wymer, Trevor Lee, and Patrick M. Hare
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Photochemistry and Photophysics of 4HDPA and 6PPD
Abstract: 6PPD is a preservative added to tires to improve their longevity and prevent wear from environmental ozone. 6PPD gets into waterways as tires degrade and it is known to be toxic to fish. In water, 6PPD rapidly reacts to form 4HDPA and several other products. Both compounds can be photodegraded. The chemical and physical properties of these compounds were investigated using UV-Vis, fluorescence, photoreactions, and LCMS. These tests were conducted in the solvents water, acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol. They suggest both compounds photodegrade easily, but at different rates, and those rates are different in different solvents. The products of the photodegradation also differ. These findings have importance for the environmental modeling of 6PPD.
Author(s): Chloe Hopper, Jason Grothaus, Trevor Lee, and Patrick M. Hare
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Photodegradation and Photophysics of Estrone-3-sulfate
Abstract: Estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) is a significant endogenous estrogen sulfate involved in various biological processes, including hormone signaling and metabolic regulation. Research has indicated its potential role in promoting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the optical characteristics of E3S in aqueous solution, specifically examining its absorption spectra, fluorescence properties, and stability under UV light exposure. Photolysis samples were analyzed using high resolution LCMS to identify new products and quantify existing ones after exposure to varying durations of UV light. These findings contribute to evaluating its impact in photobiological systems and its potential environmental phototoxicity. Furthermore, it is significantly more soluble in water than the related estrone, allowing the highlighting of similarities and differences between these chemicals. E3S photodegrades similarly to estrone, meaning the sulfate has only minor effects on the photochemistry.
Author(s): Jason Grothaus, Trevor Lee, Chloe Hopper, and Patrick M. Hare
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
The Photodegradation of Lumiestrone
Abstract: Humans and other animals excrete steroid hormones like estrone. These hormones can then become environmental contaminants. Estrone is regularly found in surface waters with concentrations ranging from nanomolar to millimolar values. Although those concentrations appear low, they meet the threshold to have adverse effects on aquatic environments affecting fish, plants invertebrates, and potentially mammals. Estrone reacts with UV light to form the epimer lumiestrone through the inversion of the methyl group on carbon 13, thus lumiestrone has the potential to have similar adverse effects. This project has measured the absorption and emission spectra for lumiestrone and its photodegradation kinetics in various solvents. Lumiestrone degrades slower than estrone in all studied solvents, forming a variety of products. If lumiestrone is as estrogenic as estrone, this would prolong the estrogenic effects of estrone release into the environment.
Author(s): Kendra Baker and Lili Ma
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Synthesis and Purification of Thiazole-Tropinone Compounds
Abstract: In this study, compounds I80-M22-C17 and I80-M22-C62 were synthesized. This was accomplished using a two-step process by first making the brominated starting materials Br-C17 and Br-C62 followed by a cyclization reaction with tropinone to create I80-M22-C17 and I80-M22-C62. These reactions were complete using microwave-assisted irradiation. Compounds were then purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). Properties of these compounds were also examined using Percepta and CCDC GOLD. These two programs suggest these compounds can act as good potential drug candidates based on Lipinski’s Rule of Five and the docking scores generated.
Author(s): Joshua Shockey, Herrison Sizemore, Sam Thompson, and KC Russell
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Synthesis of Amino Acid Oxacalixarene
Abstract: Oxacalixarenes are a derivative of calixarenes, molecules capable of molecular recognition due to their chalice-like shape. Oxacalixarenes selectively bind to complementary compounds and change the binding targets based on the nature of the aromatic rings and their substituents. Using catechol and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a known o,m,o,m-oxacalixarene has been synthesized with four nitro groups. By introducing chiral substituents onto catechol, the molecular recognition of chiral molecules may be possible. The amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was used in place of catechol to achieve this goal when synthesizing the oxacalixarene. Synthesis of amino acid oxacalixarenes incorporating a single L-DOPA was confirmed through NMR and will be presented along with efforts to separate and characterize the two stereoisomer products.
Author(s): Herrison Sizemore, Joshua Shockey, Sam Thompson, and KC Russell
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Synthesis of Enediyne Amino Acid
Abstract: Enediynes are organic compounds that have two triple bonds and one double bond. In medicine, enediynes are found in several naturally occurring anticancer antibiotics. In materials applications, enediynes can be used to synthesize annulenes, which are precursors to conductive polymers and non-linear optic materials. Our current research focus is on the synthesis of the unknown, protected arenediyne amino acid N-Boc-(L-4,5-diethynylphenylalanine). This amino acid will be incorporated into peptides as a replacement for napthylalanine or to create chiral annulenes. This poster will present out current progress in achieving these goals.
Author(s): Al Klosterman
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Mazak MT-Tablet Promotional Stands
Abstract: I designed and built promotional stands to showcase the MT-Tablet option integrated with Mazak’s newest machine tool controls. The stands include a Smooth EZ control and an MT-Tablet with an additional screen. The purpose of this project was to make customers aware of the machine tool option for Mazaks with the Smooth EZ control and how the MT-Tablet can increase the machine capabilities. MT-Tablet allows the cost down and user-friendly control to communicate with supplemental automation equipment such as barfeeders, robotic arms, and conveyors. I built a protype first, and then 11 additional units, one for each of Mazak North America’s Technology Centers. I then modified the design for an alternate control, the Smooth ST. I am currently working on another design to promote Mazak's Smooth Ai control at IMTS this year. The Smooth Ai is the latest and greatest Mazak control and can be integrated with automation equipment.
Author(s): Olivia Neal, Raelyn Sanders, Dr. Kebede Gemene
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Selectivity Enhancement of Anion Selective Electrodes
Abstract: Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been one of the most widely used analytical techniques for clinical and biomedical applications. The ability for these sensors to measure selective analytes is of utmost importance because naturally, analytes are prevalently found in complex mixtures. One big challenge with ionophore (ion-carrier)-free membrane based ISEs to measure some of the analytes of intest is the lipophilic nature of the sensing membrane that demonstrates a preference for lipophilic ions. Lipophilic ions in blood such as salicylate and thiocyanate can cause interference when measuring important physiological, hydrophilic ions such as chloride. To improve the selectivity of the electrode for hydrophylic ions, modifications must be made to the membrane’s surface. One current research goal includes hydrolyzing the membrane surface exposed to the sample in an attempt to lower its lipophilicity, thereby enhancing its ability to detect hydrophilic ions in the presence of lipophilic ions.
Author(s): Princess Nworah
Department(s): College of Business
The Financial And Economic Fragility Of The US: A Gender-Based Analysis
Abstract: Recent surveys indicate that approximately 60% of Americans live paycheck to paycheck, highlighting widespread financial fragility. This study examines the prevalence and demographics of economic vulnerability in the United States, with a particular focus on gender disparities. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we analyze factors contributing to financial strain, including income levels, savings rates, debt burdens, and access to financial resources. My research investigates how these factors differ between genders and explores how variables such as age, education level, and family structure intersect with gender to influence financial resilience. We also consider systemic factors like the gender pay gap and unequal distribution of unpaid care work. The study examines the long-term implications of financial fragility, including impacts on retirement preparedness and the ability to manage unexpected expenses. Additionally, I will explore potential solutions, such as targeted financial literacy programs and policy interventions. My findings have significant implications for policymakers, financial advisors, and educators. This gender-focused analysis of financial fragility aims to inform economic policies, enhance financial literacy programs, and contribute to strategies for improving the economic resilience of U.S. residents. The research underscores the need for nuanced, demographically sensitive approaches to addressing financial vulnerability and promoting economic stability across diverse populations.
Author(s): Alina Campan and Noah Holtke
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Beyond Twitter: Exploring Alternative API Sources for Social Media Analysis
Abstract: Social media is a valuable source of data for applications in many fields. There are two common ways to collect social media data: web scraping (requires complex custom programs, faces legal and ethical concerns) and API-scraping using services provided by the social media platform itself (clear protocols, clean data, follows platform established rules). However, API-based access to social media platforms has significantly changed in the last few years, with the mainstream platforms introducing greater restrictions and pricing researchers out. At the same time, new, federated social media platforms have emerged, many of which have growing user bases and could be valuable data sources for research. In this paper, we describe an experimental framework to API-scrape data from the federated Mastodon platform and the results of volume, sentiment, emotion, and topic analysis on two datasets we collected – as proof-of-concept for the usefulness of sourcing data from the Mastodon platform.
Author(s): Elaina Hall, Tyler Egloff, My Doan, Bhuwan Bhandari, Brett Thaman, Dr. Nicholas Caporusso, Dr. Tamara O'Callaghan
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Eye-tracking Study for Viewing Medieval Manuscripts
Abstract: Ancient manuscripts, encompassing a rich tapestry of text, illustrations, medieval scripts, and illuminated decorations, present unique challenges for readers and scholars. The complexity and unfamiliarity of these elements can make reading and interpreting ancient manuscripts particularly daunting for students and researchers. Eye-tracking technology offers a promising solution to these challenges by providing insights into reading patterns and cognitive processes. Data obtained from eye tracking can reveal how students navigate and interpret these elements. In this study, our goal is to explore the various potential measurements of eye tracking and how they could uncover reading patterns in medieval manuscripts, providing valuable insights to enhance training and comprehension in this complex field.
Author(s): Tyler Egloff, Elaina Hall, My Doan, Bhuwan Bhandari, Brett Thaman, Dr. Caporusso, Dr. O'Callaghan
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Eye-tracking Based Analysis of Medieval Manuscripts
Abstract: Ancient manuscripts, encompassing a rich tapestry of text, illustrations, medieval scripts, and illuminated decorations, present unique challenges for readers and scholars. The complexity and unfamiliarity of these elements can make reading and interpreting ancient manuscripts particularly daunting for students and researchers. Eye-tracking technology offers a promising solution to these challenges by providing insights into reading patterns and cognitive processes. Data obtained from eye tracking can reveal how students navigate and interpret these elements. In this study, our goal is to explore the various potential measurements of eye tracking and how they could uncover reading patterns in medieval manuscripts, providing valuable insights to enhance training and comprehension in this complex field.
Author(s): Chris King, Oshan Maharjan, Rita Ghimire, Logan Hart, My Doan, Olivia Kennedy, Seth Beesley, Ruth Goremiss, and Leo Foy
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Designing an AI-Based mental growth assistant
Abstract: One in six people suffer from mental health issues, and this problem is becoming increasingly common. Many struggle to afford traditional therapy, find time in their schedules, or feel comfortable talking to a therapist. Additionally, factors such as poor sleep, unhealthy diets, and social media—where people often compare themselves to others—can further affect mental well-being. To help individuals improve their mental health, we have developed an AI-based growth assistant. This app supports users' cognitive and emotional development through a conversational, game-like system. By providing guidance, learning resources, and emotional support, our app addresses each user's needs. Users can interact with our chatbot, discussing their thoughts and feelings in a judgment-free environment. The app also offers a variety of content to help users enhance their growth. Our goal is to make mental health support more accessible and engaging, helping individuals navigate their mental health journey and improve their well-being.
Author(s): Roshan Tamang and Wei Hao
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Optimizing Cloud Performance with Edge Computing
Abstract: This research project analyzes a secure and scalable web application leveraging AWS services. We researched how efficient traffic distribution through use of ALBs enhances high performance and resource utilization as well as high availability. Analyzing CloudWatch and its metrics helped us gain valuable insights on system health and traffic pattern. The implementation of Web Application Firewall establishes powerful security while scaling our application to handle large traffic. This approach strengthened our application against potential threats and enhanced performance through the use of data analysis and security measures. Implementation of ALB and rules helped us achieve path-based routing, which ensures balanced traffic distribution by distributing requests to appropriate instances based on URL paths. Additionally, the study examines the Firehose Data Stream and ALB logging mechanisms which are stored as a log file in S3 helping us in detailed traffic analysis. The study demonstrates how these strategies contribute to improving cloud performance and scalability through a thorough approach to performance optimization in cloud environments.
Author(s): Will Pond
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Optimizing Cloud Performance with Edge Computing
Abstract: Cloud computing has become very popular in recent years for their online services that includes on demand availability and storage over the internet. Next is Edge computing and it focuses on a more centralized approach for hosting data, but which one has a better performance in the cloud? I believe that Edge Servers have a better performance over Cloud Servers. I conducted the experiment by using AWS Relational Database, Lambda and CloudFront to create the servers. Then use Pingdom to test the performance of the servers. Both the database and the data file have a lower performance the first time running on the Edge Server but after that the Edge Server had a significant improvement over the cloud server. Inconclusion that the Edge severs can drastically improve performance due to result of caching and the location of closes edge sever.
Author(s): Simran Shrestha, Sidanta Parajuli, Pheo Ward, Dr. Junxiu Zhou
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
NKU-specified Chatbot based on LLM
Abstract: LLM denotes a Large Language Model, representing an advanced form of artificial intelligence that facilitates various tasks including natural language processing, machine translation, and question-answering. This technology spans multiple domains, enhancing user engagements via chatbots and generating content. Its significance lies in its capacity to augment search engines and information retrieval systems through its adept comprehension of query context and intent. By enhancing human-computer interaction it can facilitate widespread technological engagement and information access. Our goal is to develop a specialized LLM tailored for мÓÆÂtoto¿ª½±½á¹û University(NKU), aimed at delivering swift responses to inquiries, thereby economizing time and streaming access to NKU-related information. To achieve this goal, we conducted data collection, data cleaning, model training, and model test research works. Specifically, we used the Python program to extract data from the NKU website to gather information. Then those NKU-related data are cleaned and formatted to train a deep learning model, later the trained model can be used for queries and provide answers.
Author(s): Prasiddha Neupane and Rasib Khan, Ph.D.
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Conversational Resource Management for Infrastructure-Limited Scenarios
Abstract: In disaster scenarios like earthquakes and floods, relief workers often face infrastructural challenges that hinder their operations. In our research, we propose a hierarchical edge computing architecture to address the limitations of cloud-based resources, enabling low-latency data processing through nearby nodes. Additionally, we integrate generative AI for interactive, human-centric assistance. Our design includes localized servers that dynamically manage resources with clusters of client nodes, all coordinated by a centralized operation monitoring center. The servers process both resource requests and general messages, while client devices enable users to interact with the system, facilitating dynamic and efficient resource allocation and management. Our approach significantly enhances the agility and efficiency of relief operations by enabling rapid and intelligent resource allocation and communication in the most challenging infrastructural conditions, ultimately saving more lives and reducing the impact of disaster.
Author(s): Preshika Basnet, Nishar Miyan, Dr. Rasib Khan, Ph.D.
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Enhancing Internet of Things (IoT) Security in Edge Computing: A Comprehensive Framework for Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Abstract: The growth and nature of IoT based services have emphasized the critical need for scalable control and monitoring in such distributed architectures. This research presents a novel hierarchical architecture for secure IoT based edge services, integrated with Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS). Our proposed framework connects IoT devices to localized servers, coordinated by an upper-tier service monitor, with integrated decentralized IDPS functions to quickly identify and respond to suspicious activity within the network. Our prototype is built on top of the open-source tools - EdgeX Foundry and Snort. Our research objective is focused on assessing the performance of the proposed architecture in processing malicious IoT activity with varying network conditions and rates. The result shows that integrating EdgeX Foundry with Snort IDS greatly improves security for IoT applications, offers a highly optimized and secure IoT services with robust intrusion detection and prevention against different threat levels.
Author(s): Aalok Dhonju, Sajan Poudel, and Dr. Rasib Khan
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Secure and Scalable Provenance Management in Edge Computing Service Frameworks
Abstract: Ensuring secure and accountable provenance management in distributed edge computing environments is challenging due to numerous devices transmitting high volumes of data simultaneously. This research presents a scalable framework to ensure secure service provenance for edge computing, addressing inherent security challenges. Utilizing distributed ledgers, digital signatures, and cryptography, the framework guarantees the integrity of service transactions among distributed nodes. It enhances transparency by establishing a strong service provenance architecture and through verifiable audit trails. In our proof-of-concept implementation, we utilized EdgeX Foundry for service management. Load balancing is achieved by sending data to an SQL server and removing old blocks from the blockchain once a predetermined number of events are added. The prototype was deployed on a virtualized testbed network for testing. The development of applications involved the use of Java and Python. This architecture enhances accountability and reliability by providing secure, scalable, load-balanced, and real-time services.
Author(s): Perle Suana, Yangyang Tao
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Studying the Impact of Weather Changes on Bird Breeding
Abstract: Climate change start to impact our daily life recently. The shifting climate introduces frequent and unpredictable temperature fluctuations. For species like birds, particularly those that reproduce through eggs, maintaining stable temperatures during incubation is crucial for reproductive success. Despite the significance of temperature stability, limited research has delved into understanding the thresholds of temperature tolerance during incubation. In this investigation, we will apply the data science tools to analyze the local temperature dataset over the past decade and the birds incubation dataset. Our aim was to explore potential correlations between extreme temperature swings coinciding with the breeding season and instances of nest attempt failures for birds.
Author(s): Connor Gunn, Yangyang Tao
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Studying the Impact of Weather Changes on Bird Breeding Via Logistic Regression
Abstract: Climate change start to impact our daily life recently. The shifting climate introduces frequent and unpredictable temperature fluctuations. For species like birds, particularly those that reproduce through eggs, maintaining stable temperatures during incubation is crucial for reproductive success. Despite the significance of temperature stability, limited research has delved into understanding the thresholds of temperature tolerance during incubation. In this investigation, we will apply the data science tools to analyze the local temperature dataset over the past decade and the birds incubation dataset. Our aim was to explore potential correlations between extreme temperature swings coinciding with the breeding season and instances of nest attempt failures for birds.
Author(s): Ashton Baxter, Clara Rowe, Faith Athearn, and Grace Pfanstiel
Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Exploring Coyote Population Ranges in Conjunction with Large Cities in the United States with Use of GIS
Abstract: Human disturbance, due to Coyote populations moving into urban areas, has been a growing issue in recent years. Previous studies have tracked Coyote sightings, but no studies have explored Coyotes’ distribution in large cities in the USA. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, ArcGIS Pro, was used to investigate Coyote population ranges in large cities in the USA. The GIS maps and analysis results demonstrate that most (63%) of the Coyote population live within a 60-mile radius of a large city. The results help to efficiently visualize and track Coyote population ranges in the USA.
Author(s): Dr. Nicholas Caporusso, Dr. Alina Campan, Dr. Abdullah Al Bahrani, Gaurab Upreti, Aaditya Khanal, My Doan, Fawwaaz Abdulazeez
Department(s): Computing and Analytics; Accounting, Economics, and Finance
Estimating bidders' utility in an online auction platform
Abstract: Auctions provide a unique lens through which to study human behavior and decision-making in competitive environments. These scenarios involve complex dynamics and strategic choices, where interactions between bidders lead to financial outcomes. During auctions, individuals must make quick decisions under pressure while navigating conditions such as item scarcity, information asymmetry, and emotional arousal. By examining bid increments and participant engagement across different auction formats, researchers can gain valuable insights into decision-making processes in competitive settings. This paper presents the findings of a preliminary study that analyzed a dataset from a popular online auction platform where users bid on various types of retail products. The study focused on three key aspects: competitive arousal, temporal clustering, and overbidding. The results reveal that nearly half of the bids occur near the closing time due to competitive arousal, and user activity peaks in the evening. However, contrary to expectations, such temporal clustering does not result in higher average item prices. Furthermore, the dataset revealed instances of overbidding, suggesting the presence of irrational behavior that requires further investigation.
Author(s): Tyler Massie, Danny McGee, Ethan Davis, Nelum Hapuhinna, and Andy Long
Department(s): Mathematics and Statistics
Creating an air quality dashboard for the Newport area
Abstract: There were various parties in the area interested in having an air quality dashboard for the Newport and Cincinnati Area. Our project was to talk with them, understand the differing wants of the involved groups, and to start creating an air quality dashboard that meets them. There were four main aspects of our project: data collection and cleaning, statistical modeling, presenting the data visually, and data contexualization and education. Our dashboard has a home page with useful information about air quality and the dashboard itself and another page that has questions we imagine people may have. It also has a tab with a real-time, interactive map of the area that shows air quality monitors at their physical location and generates a heat-map using them. The dashboard relies on a database that's populated with EPA and PurpleAir data by our backend. It should be easy to add other data sources, too.
Author(s): Nitish Baidya, Joey Truitt, Hanna Tafari, Renn Spigelmyer, and Mario Mata
Department(s): Mathematics and Statistics
Kroger Post-Pandemic Customer Segmentation
Abstract: The grocery retail industry landscape has changed greatly in the wake of the pandemic. Specifically, delivery and pickup services have become more popular and customer buying habits have evolved. At the same time, improvements in data collection and analysis have allowed grocery marketing strategies to become highly individualized. We worked with 84.51, an analytics firm, to identify customer segments for the Kroger Company based on data from 2023. Using clustering techniques, we organized customers into groups, or segments, based on similar characteristics. We identified and profiled four distinct groups of customers. Three segments were characterized by high frequency and spending in their mode of shopping (delivery, pick-up, or in-store), while the fourth group used multiple modes of shopping, and exhibited lower spending and fewer loyal customers. These results can be used to inform Kroger’s efforts to create effective marketing strategies, develop product offerings, and enhance the customer experience.
Author(s): Salem Wolsing, Dr. Dirk Grupe
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Analyzing Active Galactic Nuclei Variability in X-rays
Abstract: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are actively accreting supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. AGN vary in X-ray and UV brightness overtime. Focusing on the X-ray portion, we want to see if a correlation can be found between X-ray variability and black hole mass or accretion rate. We are able to study AGN with the use of the Swift mission. We predict that AGN with small black hole masses and high accretion rates will have a higher X-ray variability than AGN with a low black hole mass or a low accretion rate. This result was not found with our sample size of 32 AGN, however we will extend the sample to 120 AGN to see if there is a true correlation.
Author(s): Selisha Thapa, Shariqa Tayabee, and Andrea Cardenas
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Web Optimization tool: A Comparative Analysis of SIRES and Conventional Microgrids
Abstract: Rural electrification often overlooks critical needs beyond electricity access. Smart Integrated Renewable Energy System (SIRES) offers a holistic approach to rural electrification, addressing energy, water, and cooking needs through an optimized system. This research presents a comparative analysis of SIRES with conventional microgrids. By incorporating social, economic, and environmental factors, including Human Development Index (HDI) and carbon emissions, this study evaluates the performance of SIRES and traditional microgrids. A genetic algorithm determines the optimal system configuration, considering factors such as cost, reliability, and carbon emissions. To facilitate informed decision-making, a user-friendly web-based optimization tool is developed using Python-Django. This platform enables users to input community-specific data such as households, population, agricultural land, cattle information and receive tailored recommendations. By comparing SIRES to conventional microgrids, this research identifies the most effective strategy for improving the lives of rural populations while minimizing environmental impact.
Author(s): Nikki Lin, Julie Reizner
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Bone Histology and Metabolic Dynamics in Einiosaurus procurvicornis, a Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Montana
Abstract: Einiosaurus procurvicornis is a mid-sized ceratopsian dinosaur that is recovered only from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana, USA. With at least 15 individuals recovered, bone histology and cranial osteology provides valuable insights into the growth dynamics and ontogenetic development of this herbivorous dinosaur. Through the analysis of primary and secondary tissue within the bone of Einiosaurus, focusing on the osteons of the tissue can tell us the metabolic rate of these long-extinct animals. Metabolic rate is directly related to osteocyte density, the higher the density of osteocytes in the osteons, the higher the metabolic rate of the animal being studied. Higher metabolic rate implies fast growth, since there is higher energy to build and break down bone tissue, the tissue will grow faster under those circumstances. This study highlights the complex growth patterns and development stages of Einiosaurus through bone microstructural analysis.
Author(s): Sadie Ellis and Julie Reizner
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Differences in Ceratopsian Growth Based on Ancient Latitude
Abstract: Paleolatitude likely played an important role in the metabolic rates of ceratopsian dinosaurs as it does in modern animals, but very few growth curves displaying ceratopsian dinosaur growth are available. Understanding how growth changes based on paleolatitude provides insight into the lifestyle and behaviors of ceratopsians. To document this, three ceratopsian dinosaurs from three locations across Laramidia, or the present-day West coast of the United States, were analyzed. Einiosaurus procurvicornis was the central subject of the study, with samples of the tibiae being analyzed under a microscope in the lab for Lines of arrested growth. Then, photographs of tibiae and femur crosscuts from Pachyrhinosaurus from Alaska, and Kosmoceratops from Utah, were analyzed similarly. Using a mathematical equation, the rates of growth for three of the ceratopsians were graphed and compared, providing a better understanding of ceratopsian growth and lifestyle as relating to the latitudinal differences of where they lived.
Author(s): Martin Powers, Julie Reizner
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Ecology and Population Dynamics of Einiosaurus procurvicornis
Abstract: In 1984, a death assemblage of unidentified ceratopsid dinosaurs, later named Einiosaurus procurvicornis, was discovered in northwestern Montana. Members of the assemblage likely succumbed to drought, providing valuable insight into the species' population ecology since they represent a herd of individuals who lived and died together. While previous research produced a preliminary survivorship curve, new data has yet to be analyzed. This study placed two thin sections of tibiae bone from Einiosaurus under a microscope. Fast and slow growth areas were observed, and lines of arrested growth (LAGs) were counted. Results found that the organisms continued to grow rapidly before death, meaning they did not die of old age (none were adults). Counted LAGs were used to construct an updated and standardized survivorship curve. The curve resembles type II survivorship, suggesting death rates remained constant throughout Einosaurus’ lifespan. This contributes to the growing evidence that dinosaurs died relatively young.
Author(s): Ian Castellano, Katelyn Judd, Matthew Zacate
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Investigating Solute Site Occupation in a Gadolinium-Aluminum Alloy
Abstract: This research investigates how solutes substitute in the GdAl2 intermetallic compound using computer simulation. Findings are expected to provide a more complete understanding of the physics and chemistry of solutes in GdAl2 and other binary metal alloys, which is of interest because site selection can affect the mechanical properties of compounds. The purpose of this research is to determine whether Ag, Au, or Cu solutes tend to displace Gd or Al when incorporated in GdAl2. This is done by determining which results in a lower energy: the solute replaces Gd or it replaces Al in the crystal structure. Energies were calculated through density functional theory, with each trial varying lattice parameter and allowing full relaxation of atomic coordinates. These results will be presented along with prospects for follow-up investigations.
Author(s): Prashis Poudel, Selena Riveros, Vu Tran, and Mahdi Yazdanpour
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
SafeFlight: Drone with Obstacle Avoidance System
Abstract: This project aims to develop a drone with an obstacle avoidance system using ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller. The drone autonomously adjusts its flight path to avoid obstacles using a precisely developed algorithm and open-source firmware. The project involves designing, 3D printing, and assembling the drone frame, motor attachment, propeller installation, as well as integrating the electronic components and ensuring proper calibration. Ultrasonic sensors are optimally positioned on the drone frame for comprehensive obstacle detection. Programming focuses on sensor data interpretation, obstacle detection, and communication with the flight controller. Rigorous testing ensures optimal system performance, with room for algorithm fine-tuning. Optional enhancements include a camera module for advanced obstacle detection, a GPS module for navigation, and wireless communication for remote drone control. This project contributes to advancements in drone technology, particularly in autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance, with potential applications in surveillance, reconnaissance, and environmental monitoring.
Author(s): Joe Ghoulame, Davy Lively
Department(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Stellar Spectrographic Observations at the NKU Observatory
Abstract: Any stellar point light source will emit a unique light beam that can be further analyzed and studied to find the chemical nature of that object. The signature left behind is a function of surface gravity, temperature, and chemical makeup. We used an instrument called the ALPY 600 spectrograph, along with a CCD to capture this unique signature. First, a light source is introduced into a tiny slit, creating an image of the slit, which is projected onto a dispersing element. This causes a series of images of the slit to form across the camera at the focal plane with each image representing a specific wavelength. Looking at the focal plane and knowing this information, you can accurately analyze what are called spectral lines based on their specific wavelength. These spectral lines contain information about the star’s characteristics. In this poster, we will describe the commissioning of the ALPY 600 spectrograph, and discuss our first light images
Author(s): Ana Rey Caldera, Aaliyah Harrell, Morgan Goepper, Isabella Carr, and Tyler Downnen
Department(s): Psychological Sciences
Estrous cycle does not influence locomotor responses to oxycodone in rat
Abstract: Oxycodone is a powerful opioid drug that is widely used to manage pain but possesses high liability for misuse. Clinical studies have yielded mixed results regarding the influence of gender on outcomes related to oxycodone use and misuse. One factor that could contribute to such variability is hormonal status in females. Female rats experience a well-defined estrous cycle consisting of four discrete stages. The purpose of this study was to determine if estrous cycle stage influenced the locomotor effects of acute oxycodone in female and male rats. Oxycodone had dose-divergent effects of locomotor activity with two lower doses elevating activity and a high dose deceasing activity. Sex did not affect locomotor responses to oxycodone, and there were no differences in locomotor responses to oxycodone based on cycle stage. These results suggest that oxycodone exerts dose-dependent effects on unconditioned locomotor activity in a manner independent of sex or estrous cycle stage.
Author(s): Isabella Carr, Morgan Goepper, Ana Rey Caldera, Tyler Downnen, and Mark Bardgett
Department(s): Psychological Sciences
Effects of early-life risperidone on drug-seeking behavior in adult rats
Abstract: Development remains unclear regarding the long-term effects of antipsychotic drug administration in children. Many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prescribed antipsychotics, increasing their risk for substance use disorders. Research on rats suggests that early exposure to antipsychotics heightens sensitivity to psychostimulants, prompting concerns about sensitivity to other drugs. This study employs a rat model to explore whether early risperidone exposure, a common antipsychotic for children, influences adult self-administration of oxycodone, a frequently abused opioid. Female and male Long-Evans rats received risperidone or a vehicle control from postnatal days 14 to 28. Their inclination to self-administer oxycodone was then assessed. The results indicate no significant difference in oxycodone self-administration between the risperidone and vehicle groups. However, rats exposed to risperidone showed a trend towards more nose-pokes, suggesting a potential increase in drug-seeking behavior.
